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Evolution Korea In the fight over evolution, Korean scientists aren't taking their chances. The Society for Textbook Revise has been fighting to remove the Archaeopteryx horses, the Archaeopteryx, and other symbols of evolution from textbooks. Confucian practices, with their emphasis on global success and the value of education, still dominate the country's culture. However, Korea is in search of an alternative development model. Origins The growth of Iron Age cultures brought more sophisticated states to the Korean Peninsula, like Goguryeo and Baekje. They all developed a distinct culture which blended with the influence of their powerful neighbours and they also adopted aspects of Chinese culture, including Confucianism and Buddhism while shamanism remained to be practised too. Goguryeo was the first of these kingdoms to impose its own version of government to the Korean people. It instituted a king-centered system of government in the early 2nd Century. It expanded its territory into Manchuria and the north of the Peninsula with a series conflicts that drove the Han loyalists from the area. In this time, a regional confederation called Buyeo was created. Its founder Wang Geon was given the title king and his name was written down in the 13th-century Samguk yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms). Buyeo was changed to Goryeo and hence the name was adopted by Korea. Goryeo was a great commercial state as well as a center of learning. Its inhabitants cultivated crops and raised livestock like sheep and goats, and they made furs from them too. They performed masked dance-dramas like tallori and sandaenori. They also celebrated an annual festival in December, which was called Yeonggo. The economy of Goryeo was boosted by brisk trade with other countries which included the Song dynasty of China. Traders from Central Asia, Arabia, Southeast Asia and Japan came to Byeongnando which was the entrance to Gaeseong's capital city. Gaeseong. Silk and medicinal herbs were among the items they brought. Around 8,000 BCE, the Koreans started to establish permanent settlements and began cultivating cereal crops. They also invented pottery and polished stone tools, and began forming clan societies. The Neolithic Age lasted until the 12th century BC. Around this time Gija was a prince of the Shang dynasty of China, purportedly introduced a high culture to Korea. Many Koreans believed, until the 20th century, that Gija and Dangun gave Korea their people and their basic culture. Functions Korea's old development paradigm, which emphasized the role of state-led capital accumulation as well as government intervention in industry and business, aided in rapid economic growth that took it from one of the world's poorest countries to the ranks of OECD countries in just three decades. However, this model was plagued by moral hazard and corruption that was outright, making it not sustainable in a global environment of trade liberalization, openness and democratic change. The current crisis has exposed the weaknesses of the current model, and it is expected that another model will replace it. Chapters 3 and 4 look at the origin of Korea's government-business risk partnership, and demonstrate how the development of business actors with an interest in maintaining the system impeded the country from implementing fundamental changes. These chapters, which are focused on corporate governance and financial resource allocation, provide an in-depth analysis of the root factors that led to this crisis and suggest ways to move forward with reforms. Chapter 5 examines the possible paths for Korea's post-crisis paradigm of development by examining both the legacy of the past, as well as the new trends created by the IT revolution. It also explores the implications of these developments for Korea's social and political structures. The major finding is that there are a variety of emerging trends that are altering the nature of power and will decide the future of the country. Despite the fact that political participation in Korea is still extremely limited, new forms are emerging that are able to bypass political parties and challenge them, thereby transforming the country's democratic system. Another important finding is that the power and influence of the Korean elite has diminished. A large section of society feels disengaged from the ruling class. This fact indicates the need for greater civic education and participation and new models of power-sharing. The chapter concludes that the success or failure of Korea's development model will depend on how these new ideas are incorporated with the ability to make tough decisions. Benefits South Korea is the world's ninth largest economy and the sixth fastest growing. It has a large and growing middle class, and a robust research and development base that drives innovation. Additionally the government has recently increased its investment in infrastructure projects to aid economic growth and promote social equity. In 2008 the Lee Myung-bak administration announced five leading indicators in a bid to create a new development system with the emphasis on changes and practicality. It aimed to streamline government operations, privatize public companies with greater efficiency, and reform administrative regulations. Since the conclusion of the Cold War, South Korea has been pursuing a policy of economic integration with the rest of the region as well as beyond. The exports of advanced manufacturing technology as well as high-tech consumer electronics have become an important source of income. In addition, the government has been pushing the Saemaeul Undong (New Community Movement) initiative, which is transforming the country from an agricultural society to one focused on manufacturing. The country enjoys a high quality of life and offers many benefits to its employees such as maternity leave, and job stability. Employers are also required to purchase accident insurance, which covers payments for work-related illnesses or injuries. It is also a common practice for businesses to offer private medical insurance to protect against illnesses that are not covered by National Health Insurance. South Korea is viewed as a success model for many emerging nations around the world. The global financial crisis of 1997, which swept through Asia and the world, challenged this notion. The crisis shattering the conventional wisdom about Asia's miraculous economies and led to a fundamental reappraisal of the role played by the state in regulating the risky activities of private business. It appears that Korea's future is still uncertain in the following changes. A new generation of leaders have taken on the image as a “strong leader” and have begun to experiment in market-oriented policies. A strong power base in the domestic arena makes it difficult to implement any major change. Advantages The revival and influence of the creationists is a major obstacle for Korean science in its efforts to educate the public about evolution. The majority of Koreans are in favor of teaching evolution to students however a small group led by Bun-Sam Lim (the director of the Society for Textbook Revise, STR) is advocating for its removal from textbooks. STR argues teaching evolution promotes the idea of a “materialist atheism” and presents an “unhopeful worldview” for students. This can cause them to lose their faith in humanity. The reasons behind anti-evolutionary opinions are a complex and diverse. Some researchers suggest that it is due to religious belief, while others point to an increasing prevalence of anti-intellectualism, which has been exacerbated by growing political elite fragmentation along ideologies, regions, class, and gender. In addition the one-sidedness of the government, bolstered by powerful conservative business interests and think tanks which has led to public disdain for the scientific community. The wide-ranging weaknesses identified in this study highlight the urgent need for targeted policy interventions to preemptively reduce them. These findings will assist Seoul to achieve its dream of creating an urban landscape that is cohesive. In the COVID-19 case, pinpointing the vulnerable neighborhoods and their occupants will be crucial to drafting detailed, compassionate policy measures that will bolster their welfare and security. The significant impact of COVID-19 on Jjokbangs, for example, reflects socio-economic disparities which can increase vulnerability to both natural and man-made disasters. To overcome this, South Korea needs a more inclusive civil society that brings all communities together to solve the city's most pressing challenges. This requires a fundamental shift in the structure of the institution, starting with the power of the presidency. At 에볼루션바카라 , the Blue House is able to mobilise a large bureaucracy and influence the political power of the Supreme Prosecutor's Office and intelligence bureau, which are not subject to oversight by parliamentary bodies or independent inspection agencies. This gives the president tremendous power to force his or her views on the rest of the country. This is a recipe that can result in polarization and stagnation of the country.